{"id":325,"date":"2017-10-10T09:16:04","date_gmt":"2017-10-10T09:16:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dgcranewheel.com\/?post_type=posts&p=325"},"modified":"2018-05-26T08:00:26","modified_gmt":"2018-05-26T08:00:26","slug":"the-causes-excessive-friction-and-presents-solutions-to-the-problem","status":"publish","type":"posts","link":"https:\/\/www.dgcranewheel.com\/cs\/causes-excessive-friction-presents-solutions-problem\/","title":{"rendered":"Zp\u016fsobuje nadm\u011brn\u00e9 t\u0159en\u00ed a p\u0159edstavuje \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Nadm\u011brn\u00e9 t\u0159en\u00ed<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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Rail-Gnawing<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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Provozn\u00ed podm\u00ednky<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

Optim\u00e1ln\u00ed provozn\u00ed stav je\u0159\u00e1bu je ten, \u017ee strana dr\u00e1hy m\u00e1 v\u016fli asi 20 mm s p\u0159\u00edrubou kola. P\u0159\u00edruba kola se nedot\u00fdk\u00e1 koleje a p\u0159i b\u011bhu kola nevznik\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd dal\u0161\u00ed odpor. V tuto chv\u00edli je opot\u0159eben\u00ed kola a rozchodu minim\u00e1ln\u00ed. V praxi v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee v d\u016fsledku v\u00fdrobn\u00ed chyby a nestandardn\u00ed instalace nebo jin\u00fdch faktor\u016f doj\u00edt k velk\u00e9mu t\u0159en\u00ed mezi kolem a kolejnic\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n

P\u0159\u00ed\u010dina t\u0159en\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bov\u00e9 kolejnice je komplikovan\u00e1 a je \u010dasto zp\u016fsobena n\u011bkolika d\u016fvody, tak\u017ee je nutn\u00e9 analyzovat p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu probl\u00e9mu krok za krokem a vy\u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9m jeden po druh\u00e9m.<\/p>\r\n

Nekvalifikovan\u00fd \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed nosn\u00edk<\/h4>\r\n

Dr\u00e1ha mostov\u00e9ho je\u0159\u00e1bu je instalov\u00e1na na \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edm nosn\u00edku, kter\u00fd je obecn\u011b rozd\u011blen na ocelov\u00fd \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed nosn\u00edk a betonov\u00fd \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed nosn\u00edk. Ocelov\u00fd nosn\u00edk je zpracov\u00e1n ve v\u00fdrobn\u00edm z\u00e1vod\u011b a p\u0159epraven do je\u0159\u00e1bov\u00e9 d\u00edlny k instalaci.<\/p>\r\n

Betonov\u00e9 nosn\u00edky se p\u0159i stavb\u011b je\u0159\u00e1bov\u00fdch hal obvykle odl\u00e9vaj\u00ed na m\u00edst\u011b. B\u011bhem instalace nebo lit\u00ed nosn\u00fdch kolejnicov\u00fdch nosn\u00edk\u016f mohou konstruk\u010dn\u00ed chyby zt\u011b\u017eovat dosa\u017een\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b a stupn\u011b vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed nosn\u00edk\u016f kolejnic hned napoprv\u00e9, proto by proces instalace m\u011bl prob\u00edhat v souladu s normou GB50205-2011 \u201eP\u0159edpis pro akceptaci kvality ocelov\u00fdch konstrukc\u00ed\u201c nebo GB50204-2002 \u201eP\u0159edpis pro akceptaci kvality betonov\u00fdch konstrukc\u00ed\u201c pro kontrolu rozm\u011br\u016f nosn\u00fdch kolejnicov\u00fdch nosn\u00edk\u016f. Je\u0159\u00e1bov\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha by proto m\u011bla b\u00fdt instalov\u00e1na a\u017e po se\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed kolejnicov\u00e9ho nosn\u00edku, jinak by mohlo doch\u00e1zet ke t\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n

Nekvalifikovan\u00e1 instalace koleje<\/h4>\r\n

Rozd\u00edl mezi ob\u011bma kolejemi nespl\u0148uje po\u017eadavky. Podle normy gb\/t 10183-2005 \u201eKonstrukce mostov\u00fdch a port\u00e1lov\u00fdch je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f a tolerance instalace kolejnic\u201c je mezn\u00ed odchylka horn\u00edho povrchu koleje od teoretick\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky \u00b110 mm. Jakmile v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fd rozd\u00edl mezi kolejemi p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed tento rozsah, m\u016f\u017ee mostov\u00fd je\u0159\u00e1b b\u011bhem provozu bo\u010dn\u011b proklouznout a zp\u016fsobit t\u0159en\u00ed o kolejnice. V takov\u00e9 situaci je nutn\u00e9 upravit v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fd rozd\u00edl kolej\u00ed, aby se probl\u00e9m s t\u0159en\u00edm o kolejnice vy\u0159e\u0161il.<\/p>\r\n

Zarovn\u00e1n\u00ed instalace koleje je \u0161patn\u00e9 a maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e1 odchylka v bo\u010dn\u00edm sm\u011bru je \u00b1 10 mm. Pokud je bo\u010dn\u00ed odchylka p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e1, zp\u016fsob\u00ed to, \u017ee je\u0159\u00e1b zni\u010d\u00ed kolejnici. Tento druh frikc\u00ed se obvykle vyskytuje na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm \u00faseku trati s p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velkou bo\u010dn\u00ed odchylkou. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by m\u011bla b\u00fdt upravena a p\u0159eskupena ob\u011b\u017en\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha \u010d\u00e1sti p\u0159\u00edmky p\u0159es rozd\u00edl.<\/p>\r\n

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee odchylka velikosti rozchodu dr\u00e1hy je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e1, je ide\u00e1ln\u00edm stavem je\u0159\u00e1bu to, \u017ee se p\u0159eskup\u00ed osa dr\u00e1hy a osa kola je\u0159\u00e1bu. Mezi stranou kolejnice a p\u0159\u00edrubou kola je mezera. Obecn\u011b se stanov\u00ed, \u017ee pokud je rozp\u011bt\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bu s \u2264 10 m, odchylka rozchodu koleje nep\u0159esahuje \u00b1 3 mm, a pokud je rozp\u011bt\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bu s> 10 m, odchylka rozchodu koleje nen\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u00b1 3 mm. Odchylka rozchodu koleje nesm\u00ed p\u0159ekro\u010dit \u00b1 [30,25 \u00d7 (s -10)] mm; pokud je rozchod kol p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00fd, vnit\u0159n\u00ed r\u00e1fek kola zni\u010d\u00ed kolejnici, a pokud je rozchod kol p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00fd, zni\u010d\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kolejnice kolejnici. Rozp\u011bt\u00ed koleje je t\u0159eba upravit jako celek, dokud nespl\u0148uje po\u017eadavky.<\/p>\r\n

T\u0159en\u00ed koleje zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 uvoln\u011bn\u00edm pevn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtla\u010dn\u00e9 desky je\u0159\u00e1bu v provozu, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed pos\u00edlit \u00fadr\u017ebu denn\u00edho vybaven\u00ed, upevnit uvoln\u011bnou p\u0159\u00edtla\u010dnou desku a zabr\u00e1nit probl\u00e9m\u016fm s t\u0159en\u00edm.<\/p>\r\n

Nekvalifikovan\u00e1 v\u00fdroba a instalace kol<\/h4>\r\n

Dv\u011b skupiny je\u0159\u00e1b\u016f hnac\u00edch kol jsou opot\u0159ebov\u00e1ny nadm\u011brnou odchylkou pr\u016fm\u011bru, kter\u00e1 je zp\u016fsobena chybou v\u00fdroby kol. Jeliko\u017e je pr\u016fm\u011br obou hnac\u00edch kol odli\u0161n\u00fd, ale rychlost kol je stejn\u00e1, je rychlost j\u00edzdy obou stran je\u0159\u00e1bu odli\u0161n\u00e1. Po dlouh\u00e9m b\u011bhu zp\u016fsobily je\u0159\u00e1bov\u00e9 kroucen\u00ed t\u0159en\u00ed kolejnice. Tento probl\u00e9m je t\u0159eba vy\u0159e\u0161it v\u00fdm\u011bnou kol je\u0159\u00e1bu.<\/p>\r\n

Horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed odchylka mont\u00e1\u017en\u00edho rozm\u011bru je\u0159\u00e1bov\u00e9ho kola je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e1, kv\u016fli nestandardn\u00ed instalaci kola p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b a mont\u00e1\u017ei je\u0159\u00e1bu nebo dlouhodob\u00e9 deformaci ocelov\u00e9 konstrukce je\u0159\u00e1bu bude st\u0159ed kola a dr\u00e1hy tvo\u0159it \u00fahel v vodorovn\u00fd sm\u011br. Kdy\u017e se v\u0161echna aktivn\u00ed kola pohybuj\u00ed v jednom sm\u011bru a \u00fahel odchylky je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00fd, vych\u00fdlen\u00ed je\u0159\u00e1bu zp\u016fsob\u00ed t\u0159en\u00ed stopy. K vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed tohoto probl\u00e9mu je nutn\u00e9 znovu nastavit polohu kola.<\/p>\r\n

Mont\u00e1\u017en\u00ed rozm\u011bry je\u0159\u00e1bov\u00e9ho kola s vertik\u00e1ln\u00edm odsazen\u00edm jsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e9, ide\u00e1ln\u00ed stav kontaktu kolejnice je\u0159\u00e1bov\u00e9ho kola je v souladu s horn\u00edm povrchem vertik\u00e1ln\u00edho st\u0159edov\u00e9ho \u00fahlu kola kolejnice byl 90 stup\u0148\u016f, ale pokud instalace kola nen\u00ed kvalifikov\u00e1na, vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u0159ed kola p\u0159\u00edmka vytvo\u0159\u00ed stopu s horn\u00edm povrchem a \u00fahel se nerovn\u00e1 \u00fahlu 90 \u00b0. Kdy\u017e je odchylka p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e1, plocha kontaktn\u00ed plochy bude men\u0161\u00ed. Rozlo\u017een\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed na kole\u010dk\u00e1ch nen\u00ed rovnom\u011brn\u00e9, m\u00edstn\u00ed tlak je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00fd, brusn\u00fd kotou\u010d nen\u00ed rovnom\u011brn\u00fd, a to i kv\u016fli povrchu schodu a pot\u00e9 bude zni\u010dena stopa.<\/p>\r\n

Hnan\u00e9 kolo a hnan\u00e9 kolo nejsou v p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 linii kv\u016fli nekvalifikovan\u00e9 instalaci ipsilater\u00e1ln\u00edho kola. Pokud je\u0159\u00e1b p\u0159ijme konstrukci \u010dty\u0159 kol, pak se u \u010dty\u0159 skupin kol objev\u00ed situace ve tvaru rovnob\u011b\u017en\u00edku nebo \u017eeb\u0159\u00edku, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke t\u0159en\u00ed koleje. Mus\u00edme tedy upravit polohu kol, abychom zajistili, \u017ee se rovnost p\u0159edn\u00edch a zadn\u00edch kol vr\u00e1t\u00ed do norm\u00e1ln\u00edho provozu.<\/p>\r\n

Nejprve zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed kolizn\u00ed t\u0159en\u00ed mezi je\u0159\u00e1bov\u00fdm kolem a p\u00e1sem, pot\u00e9 zrychl\u00ed opot\u0159eben\u00ed kola a p\u00e1su a v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed \u017eivotnost kola a p\u00e1su. Rovn\u011b\u017e se zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed j\u00edzdn\u00ed odpor mechanismu chodu je\u0159\u00e1bu. Zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edho motoru a reduktoru se zna\u010dn\u011b zvy\u0161uje a dlouhodob\u00fd provoz v tomto stavu povede k po\u0161kozen\u00ed b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edho motoru a reduktoru. Kdy\u017e nastane probl\u00e9m s hlod\u00e1n\u00edm stopy, kolo se sraz\u00ed s dr\u00e1hou a vytvo\u0159\u00ed bo\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edlu. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e1 s\u00edla se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed z konzoly na st\u0159e\u0161n\u00ed nosn\u00edk tov\u00e1rn\u00ed budovy a dlouh\u00e1 doba chodu sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed \u017eivotnost budovy. Pokud je probl\u00e9m s hlod\u00e1n\u00edm stopy dlouh\u00fd a v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd, zcela se opot\u0159ebuje p\u0159\u00edruba kola je\u0159\u00e1bu. Je\u0159\u00e1b b\u011b\u017e\u00ed ve stavu bez p\u0159\u00edruby a ztr\u00e1c\u00ed omezen\u00ed vodorovn\u00e9ho sm\u011bru. Je\u0159\u00e1b spadne z dr\u00e1hy a ohro\u017euje bezpe\u010dnost osob a majetku. Proto je probl\u00e9m hryzac\u00ed kolejnice vy\u0159e\u0161en. Je \u00fadr\u017eba a oprava t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f je\u0159\u00e1bem.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Provozn\u00ed podm\u00ednky nadm\u011brn\u00e9ho t\u0159en\u00ed po kolejnic\u00edch Optim\u00e1ln\u00edm provozn\u00edm stavem je\u0159\u00e1bu je, \u017ee bo\u010dn\u00ed strana dr\u00e1hy m\u00e1 v\u016fli asi 20 mm s p\u0159\u00edrubou kola. P\u0159\u00edruba kola se nedot\u00fdk\u00e1 koleje a p\u0159i b\u011bhu kola nevznik\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd dal\u0161\u00ed odpor. V tuto chv\u00edli opot\u0159eben\u00ed [\u2026]","protected":false},"featured_media":331,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","posts_category":[4],"posts_tag":[29,5],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dgcranewheel.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/325"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dgcranewheel.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dgcranewheel.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/posts"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.dgcranewheel.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/325\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":766,"href":"https:\/\/www.dgcranewheel.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/xmxposts\/325\/revisions\/766"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dgcranewheel.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/331"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dgcranewheel.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=325"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"posts_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dgcranewheel.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_category?post=325"},{"taxonomy":"posts_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dgcranewheel.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts_tag?post=325"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}